{"id":197,"date":"2008-11-26T11:34:03","date_gmt":"2008-11-26T08:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enginhafizoglu.com\/archives\/197"},"modified":"2011-10-01T00:53:40","modified_gmt":"2011-09-30T21:53:40","slug":"%e2%80%9cdevrim%e2%80%9d-ilk-turk-otomobili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enginhafizoglu.com\/?p=197","title":{"rendered":"\u201cDEVR\u0130M\u201d \u0130LK T\u00dcRK OTOMOB\u0130L\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

“DEVR\u0130M”
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\u0130LK T\u00dcRK OTOMOB\u0130L\u0130
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\"\"<\/p>\n

CUMHURBA\u015eKANI CEMAL G\u00dcRSEL’\u0130N TAL\u0130MATLARIYLA
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1961’DE \u015e\u0130RKET\u0130M\u0130ZDE \u00dcRET\u0130LEN T\u00dcRK\u0130YE’N\u0130N \u0130LK OTOMOB\u0130L\u0130
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DEVR\u0130M’\u0130N H\u0130KAYES\u0130
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16 Haziran 1961 g\u00fcn\u00fc Devlet Demiryollar\u0131 Fabrikalar\u0131 ve Cer Dairelerinin y\u00f6netici ve m\u00fchendislerinden 20 kadar\u0131 Ankara’ da bir toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar.
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Toplant\u0131ya ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Emin BOZO\u011eLU, Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 okudu. Yaz\u0131da “Ordunun, cadde binek ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak bir otomobil tipinin geli\u015ftirilmesi” g\u00f6revinin TCDD \u0130\u015fletmesine verildi\u011fi ve bu ama\u00e7la 1.400.000.-TL \u00f6denek ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyordu.
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Verilen g\u00f6rev 29 Ekim 1961, yani tan\u0131nan s\u00fcre 4,5 ayd\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bu \u00e7apta bir geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131labilir miydi? B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z geli\u015ftirmeyi, hi\u00e7ten yola \u00e7\u0131karak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek bir otomobil yap\u0131labilir, b\u00f6yle bir mucize ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir miydi? Toplant\u0131da s\u00f6z alanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6yle bir projede severek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131, fakat b\u00f6ylesine k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilece\u011fini sanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hay\u0131r demi\u015flerdi.
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T\u00fcm \u00fclkede ise \u00fcniversitesinden, bas\u0131n\u0131na, bir avu\u00e7 sanayicisinden, politikac\u0131s\u0131na, sesini duyurabilen herkes T\u00fcrkiye’de ne otomobil, ne de motor yap\u0131labilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor, \u00f6zel sohbetlerde, r\u00f6portajlarda, hatta film g\u00f6sterili konferanslarda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f vurgulan\u0131yordu.
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Fakat bu inan\u0131lmaz \u015fey ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 29 Ekim 1961 sabah\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye’ de yap\u0131lan ilk otomobil, kaportas\u0131 p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz olmasa da, kendi tekerlekleri \u00fczerinde ve yine T\u00fcrkiye’ de yap\u0131lan kendi motorunun g\u00fcc\u00fcyle B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Otomobil Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal G\u00dcRSEL Pa\u015fa’ ya sunuldu. Bir ikincisi Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 An\u0131tkabir’e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, sonra da Hipodrom’ deki ge\u00e7it resmine kat\u0131l\u0131yordu.
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Bu nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti?
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Projeyle ba\u015fka bir kurulu\u015fun de\u011fil de Demiryollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131, o tarihlerde TCDD’nin onar\u0131m amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f fakat geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yedek par\u00e7a imal eden Ankara, Eski\u015fehir, Sivas ve Adapazar\u0131’ndaki fabrikalar\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli bir teknik potansiyeli ve yeti\u015fmi\u015f i\u015f\u00e7isinden m\u00fchendisine kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir teknik kadrosunun bulunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Y\u00fcksek M\u00fchendis Emin BOZO\u011eLU’nun asker k\u00f6kenlidir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda S\u0131tk\u0131 ULAY Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n akrabas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sebeplerle Milli Birlik Komitesi ve \u00e7o\u011fu kabine \u00fcyelerince yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131yor ve g\u00fcveniliyordu.
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Y\u00fcksek M\u00fchendis Emin BOZO\u011eLU y\u00f6netim grubunun ba\u015f\u0131 olarak, projenin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok etkili olmu\u015ftur. Gruptaki \u00f6teki y\u00f6neticilerle birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcrokratik engelleri cesaretle a\u015farak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimi ki\u015fisel sorunlar, kimi g\u00f6revin \u00e7ok yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ivedili\u011fi gibi nedenlerle b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilim alt\u0131nda bulunan 20 m\u00fchendisin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir tempoyla fakat g\u00f6n\u00fcl rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak suretiyle de birinci derecede rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
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Zamana kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n kazan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ikinci etken, g\u00f6rev alan m\u00fchendislerin proje s\u00fcresince hafta sonlar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil her g\u00fcn, en az 12’\u015fer saat, gerekti\u011finde baz\u0131 geceleri s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir otomobil sedirinin \u00fczerinde birka\u00e7 saat kestirmek suretiyle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda kalmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde davaya g\u00f6n\u00fcl vermi\u015f olmalar\u0131yd\u0131.
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16 Haziran 1961 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131da, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in en uygun yerin, Eski\u015fehir Demiryolu Fabrikalar\u0131nda ((bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00dcLOMSA\u015e) d\u00f6k\u00fcmhane olarak yap\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lmayan bir bina oldu\u011funa karar verilmi\u015ftir. En uygun y\u00f6ntemin de elden geldi\u011fince \u00e7e\u015fitli tipten otomobil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan inceleyerek fikir edindikten sonra, yap\u0131lacak tipin boyutlar\u0131, motor, \u015fanz\u0131man vb. \u00f6teki grup ve par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tasarlan\u0131p imal edilece\u011fi \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131.
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\u0130\u015fyeri olarak se\u00e7ilen at\u00f6lyenin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Eski\u015fehir’e talimat verildi ve otomobili olanlar\u0131n 19 Haziran’da Eski\u015fehir’de bulunmalar\u0131 istendi. D\u00f6k\u00fcmhane binas\u0131 zemini, lokomotif kazanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere al\u0131nan sa\u00e7 levhalarla d\u00f6\u015fendi. Kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine, kocaman rakamlarla ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir levha as\u0131ld\u0131. Projenin bitimine dek bu levha, her g\u00fcn bir azalarak, sonuna kadar orada kald\u0131. At\u00f6lyede bir ba\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc gezer vin\u00e7, \u00e7e\u015fitli bankolar ve bir toplant\u0131 masas\u0131 vard\u0131. Yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir de \u00e7ay oca\u011f\u0131 bulunan bu masa d\u00f6rt ay s\u00fcreyle hem toplant\u0131lar, hem dinlenme, hem de gerekti\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma masas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131.
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At\u00f6lyede yap\u0131lan ilk toplant\u0131da Y\u00f6netim Grubu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Grup \u00fcyeleri: Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Emin BOZO\u011eLU (ba\u015fkan), Fabrikalar Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orhan ALP, Cer Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hakk\u0131 TOMSU, Cer Dairesi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Nurettin ERGUVANLI, Eski\u015fehir Demiryolu Fabrikalar\u0131 M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mustafa ERSOY, Adapazar\u0131 Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131 M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Celal TANER, Ankara Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131 M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Mehmet N\u00d6KER, Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck M\u00fc\u015faviri H\u00fcsn\u00fc KAYAO\u011eLU ve Necati PEK\u00d6Z ve iki emekli subay. Ard\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 belirlendi: Dizayn, motor-\u015fanz\u0131man, karoseri, s\u00fcspansiyon ve fren, elektrik donan\u0131m\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015fleri, sat\u0131n alma i\u015fleri ve maliyet hesaplar\u0131 gruplar\u0131.
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\u00d6nce otomobilin ana hatlar\u0131 saptand\u0131. D\u00f6rt ila be\u015f ki\u015filik, toplam 1000-1100 kg a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, orta boy denilebilecek bir tip \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nd\u0131. Motor 4-zamanl\u0131 ve 4 silindirli olmal\u0131, 50-60 BG vermeliydi.
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Karoseri i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan 1:10 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli maketlerden se\u00e7ilen birinin 1:1 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli al\u00e7\u0131 modeli yap\u0131ld\u0131. Karoserin dam\u0131, kaput ve benzeri sa\u00e7lar\u0131, bu modelden al\u0131nan kal\u0131plarla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f beton bloklara \u00e7ekilmek ve \u00e7eki\u00e7le d\u00fczeltilmek suretiyle tek tek imal edildi. Bir yandan da Willy’s Jeep, Warswa, Chevrolet, Ford Consul, Fiat 1400 ve 1100 motorlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinden sonra Warswa motoru \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak yandan supapl\u0131 bir 4- silindirli motorun g\u00f6vde ve ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sivas Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131nda d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp, Ankara Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015flendi. Piston, segman ve kollar\u0131 Eski\u015fehir’ de yap\u0131ld\u0131. Motor Ankara Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131nda monte edildi. Frenlemede 40 BG’ den fazla g\u00fc\u00e7 al\u0131namayan bu motora alternatif olarak Ankara Fabrikas\u0131 ayn\u0131 g\u00f6vde ve krank milinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak ba\u015fka bir tip geli\u015ftirdi. B-motoru ad\u0131 verilen \u00fcstten supapl\u0131 bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc motor da Eski\u015fehir’ de imal edildi.
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S\u00fcspansiyon grubu \u00f6n tak\u0131mlar i\u00e7in Mc Pearson sistemini \u00f6nerdi ve numuneye g\u00f6re Eski\u015fehir’ de imal edildi.
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Eyl\u00fcl sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00f6n ve arka camlar\u0131 piyasada bulunabilenlere intibak ettirme zorunlulu\u011fu nedeniyle modele g\u00f6re biraz de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, iki g\u00f6vde \u00e7ak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve biri A, \u00f6teki B tipinden iki ayr\u0131 motor haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu. \u015eanz\u0131manlar, Ankara Fabrikas\u0131nca t\u00fcm\u00fc yerli olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
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Montaja ge\u00e7ildi\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun, g\u00f6vde \u2013 motor uyumunu sa\u011flamak, debriyaj, gaz ve fren kumanda mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmek ve direksiyonun en uygun konumunu bulmakt\u0131. Ayarl\u0131 direksiyon \u00f6nerisi kabul edilmedi. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra Cadillac bunu bir yenilik olarak getiriyordu.
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Nihayet Ekim ortalar\u0131nda Devrim otomobillerinden ilki tecr\u00fcbeye haz\u0131r duruma gelebildi. Elektrik donan\u0131m\u0131 ile diferansiyel di\u015flileri, kardan istavrozlar\u0131 ve motor yataklar\u0131 ile cam ve lastikleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u00fcm par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerli idi.<\/span>
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Bir yandan bu ilk otomobilin yol tecr\u00fcbeleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken bir yandan da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131’na sunulmak \u00fczere B- motoru ile donat\u0131lan ikinci otomobilin yeti\u015ftirilmesine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu. Siyah renkteki bu 2 numaral\u0131 Devrim’in son kat boyas\u0131 ancak 28 Ekim ak\u015fam\u0131 vurulabildi. Pasta ve cilas\u0131 Ankara’ ya sevk edilirken gece trende yap\u0131ld\u0131. Buharl\u0131 lokomotiflerle \u00e7ekilen trende bacadan s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 muhtemel k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlardan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi olarak benzin depolar\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131.
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Tren sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 Ankara’ya ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki Devrim Otomobili o zamanlar S\u0131hhiye semtinde bulunan Ankara Demiryolu Fabrikas\u0131’na indirildi. Manevra imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in depolar\u0131na yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 litre benzin kondu. As\u0131l ikmal sabahleyin S\u0131hhiye’ deki Mobil Benzin \u0130stasyonundan yap\u0131lacak, sonra da Meclis’ e gidilecekti.
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29 Ekim sabah\u0131, Devrimler, motosikletli olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k bir trafik ekibinden olu\u015fan korumalar aras\u0131nda yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 ama korumalar benzin alma i\u015finden haberleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, Mobil’e u\u011framadan yola devam ettiler. Meclis’in \u00f6n\u00fcne gelindi\u011finde durum anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, acele getirilen benzin 1. Arabaya kondu. 2 numaraya konaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Cemal Pa\u015fa Meclis’in \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmi\u015f ve An\u0131tkabir’e gitmek \u00fczere 2 numaral\u0131 Devrim Otomobiline binmi\u015fti. Yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat 100 m. Kadar sonra motor \u00f6ks\u00fcrerek durdu. Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n “Ne oluyor?” sorusuna direksiyondaki Y\u00fcksek M\u00fchendis R\u0131fat SERDARO\u011eLU, “Pa\u015fam, benzin bitti” cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Pa\u015fa’dan \u00f6z\u00fcr dilenilerek 1 numaral\u0131 Devrim’ e ge\u00e7mesi rica edildi. Buna uyan Cemal Pa\u015fa An\u0131tkabir’e bu otomobil ile gitti. \u0130nerken \u00fcnl\u00fc, “Bat\u0131 kafas\u0131yla otomobil yapt\u0131n\u0131z ama do\u011fu kafas\u0131yla benzin ikmalini unuttunuz” s\u00f6zlerini s\u00f6yledi.
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Ertesi g\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn gazetelerin s\u00f6z birli\u011fi etmi\u015f\u00e7esine “100 metre gidip bozuldu” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131klar\u0131 2 numaral\u0131 Devrim, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Hipodrom’daki ge\u00e7it t\u00f6renine kat\u0131l\u0131yor, ne bundan, ne de Cemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n An\u0131tkabir’e bir ba\u015fka Devrim otomobili ile gitti\u011finden s\u00f6z ediliyordu. Yaln\u0131zca haber, yorum ve f\u0131kralarda harcanan bunca paran\u0131n bo\u015fa gitti\u011finden dem vuruluyordu. Oysa ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7esine konmu\u015f bulunan “At neslinin \u0131slah\u0131” i\u00e7in 25 Milyon TL \u00f6denek ve sonucundan kimse s\u00f6z etmiyordu.
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Karoseri Grubundan Y. M\u00fchendis SAL\u0130H KAYA SA\u011eIN’\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.
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NOT: 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 adet \u00fcretilen DEVR\u0130M Otomobillerinden sadece birisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00dcLOMSA\u015e M\u00fczesi bah\u00e7esinde, \u00f6zel olarak yap\u0131lan caml\u0131 garajda muhafaza edilen DEVR\u0130M Otomobili halen \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r durumdad\u0131r. <\/strong>
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\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
“DEVR\u0130M”<\/strong>
\n\u0130LK T\u00dcRK OTOMOB\u0130L\u0130’N\u0130N TEKN\u0130K \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130 <\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n		<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTOMOBILIN A\u011eIRLI\u011eI <\/span><\/td>\n1250 KG <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTOR T\u0130P\u0130 <\/span><\/td>\nA4L <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTOR DEVR\u0130<\/span><\/td>\n3600 D\/DK <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0130L\u0130ND\u0130R SAYISI <\/span><\/td>\n4 <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0130L\u0130ND\u0130R \u00c7API <\/span><\/td>\n81 MM <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G\u00dc\u00c7 <\/span><\/td>\n50 HP <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KARAKTER\u0130ST\u0130K <\/span><\/td>\n4 ZAMANLI, SU SO\u011eUTMALI,YANDAN S\u00dcBAPLI,
\n<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

BASIN\u00c7LI YA\u011eLAMA. <\/span>\u0130MAL S\u00dcRES\u0130<\/span>4,5 AY <\/span>\u0130MAL TAR\u0130H\u0130<\/span>1961 <\/span>\u0130MAL YER\u0130<\/span>ESK\u0130\u015eEH\u0130R DEM\u0130RYOLU FAB. <\/span>\u00dcRET\u0130M SAYISI <\/span>4<\/span><\/p>\n

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